Scientist are key to make Making Cities Sustainable
Mark Fischetti
Culture Notes
1 you’ve heard the number: More than half of the world’s people now live in cities, and in just a few decades more than the globe’s rapidly G Popuration Will Be Urban. BeCAUSE CITIES ALREADY Suck Up Much of the Planet’s ResourcesAndote Much of its waste, the trends threarn to make every unless cities beCome more sunable.
You have heard these numbers: Nowadays, more than half of the world’s population lives in cities, and just decades later, more than two -thirds of the global growing population will live in cities.The city has squeezed most of the resources on the earth and produced most of the garbage on the earth. Therefore, unless the city develops in a more sustainable way, this trend will make the situation of the earth worse.
2 Scientist COULD HOLD The Key — If City Leaders Will Invite them in as partnersJaipur Wealth Management. Meyerson, Chief Innovation Officer at IBM. He was speaking at the science and the sustainable city summerHeld by Springer Nature on July 11 (2014) in Singapore. Meyerson Made his casesed in the part on the world eConomic forum’s lists of top emologies. He Noted, Could Directly Improve Urban Life if City Leaders Bring in Scientist andEnginers to Apply they.
Scientists may have mastered the secrets -if urban managers are willing to invite them to cooperate together."Sustainable development is driven by science, technology and innovation." Said Bonard Mayuson, chief innovative officer of IBM.He said this at the science and sustainable urban summit held by Siplins Nature Group in Singapore on July 11, (2014).Meyerson’s point of view is based on the top emerging technology list launched by the World Economic Forum.He pointed out that if urban managers introduce scientists and engineers to apply these technologies, many of them can directly improve urban life.Kolkata Investment
3 for exmple, cities are gathering vast amounts of real-time data, "But they don’t have good way to underturn what it mights," Meyerson Noted. In 500,000 Video Cameras Record what is going on design town.China Recently OrderEd Two Million to Install in Cities. These Fire Hoses of Video Data Could IMPROVEEEVEVEVENGINGINGINGINGINGINGINGORFFIC to Crime Prevention, But Human Cannot PossiBly Keep Up with the Information Deluge or Make Sense of Which Data Matter, Meyerson Said. Neuromorphic Technology-Software that can analyze images — On Each Camera Camed Do that, "And Submit the Data to a Central Repository only when it has significance. E data locally when it does not, to help proterect privacy, "he noted.
For example, cities are collecting massive real -time data, "but they have no good way to understand what problems this data may explain," Miyesen pointed out.In London, 500,000 cameras record everything that happened in the city.India has recently ordered 2 million cameras to be installed in the city.Miyesen said that these continuous video data streams can be used to improve all aspects of from guiding traffic to preventing crimes, but human operators cannot process these overwhelming information in time, nor can they know which data is useful.Software that can analyze the image -a software that can analyze the image -applied to each camera, you can do this.He pointed out that "the technology will be submitted to the central memory only when the data is useful. It can also delete the useless data on this machine to protect privacy."
4 Artificial Intelligence Could Help Cities Predict Infrastic Failures Before they have, preventing deths and disastersKanpur Investment. Using the technologies, IBM, IBM ‘S Superson Watson Can Predict WHEN An ELEVACHICHING FAILURURURURING FINPARING Noises It Makes During Operation With peite. Rators when sewage pumps are going to fail or where outages are about to arise. "NoteD, Underlie Effective Use of All the Kinds of Technologies.
Artificial intelligence can help cities predict before the infrastructure failure, thereby preventing death and disaster.Using these technologies, IBM’s supercomputers Watson can compare the noise emitted by the elevator with the baseline noise emitted during daily safe operation to predict when the elevator will fail."Miyesen can apply similar artificial intelligence and machine learning to the city’s infrastructure in the city." This technology "can be failed to fail in the sewage pump or is about to be power out.Personnel issued early warning. "He pointed out that science and scientists are important conditions for effective use of all these technologies.
5 Arron Wood, depuTy Lord Mayor of Melbourne, Australia, Confirmed Meyerson’s View. Scientist Have ALREADY HIS City Design and DEPLOY A SYSTEM OF Er Holding Tanks that have lessened flowing heavy rainstorms and also provided water during the design that the preval most ofThe year. Researches have helped melbourne set up science-based targets for annual carbon dioxide emissions that all allow it to gradually beCome a ssions city.
Allen Wood, deputy mayor of Melbourne, Australia, confirmed Miyesen’s point of view.Scientists have helped Melbourne’s design and deployment of a rainwater storage tank system, which reduces the flood disasters during the rainstorm and can also supply water for the city in the drought period of the year for most of the year.Researchers helped Melbourne formulate a scientific annual discharge goal of carbon dioxide, so that it can gradually develop into a zero -emission city.
6 Much More Could Be Done. Researchers are now helping melbourne expand its forest cover — The Proportion of the Municipality Shaded by Trees – FROM 22 to 40 Percent. CREASE, Wood SAID, COULD LOWER the CITY’s Heat Island Effect (Added Warmth Due to toBuildings and Roads Absorbing and Reemitting Heat) by 4 Degrees Celsius. s of deths from heat stress, lessen files, Reduce vioLENT CRIMES (white go upWhen Air TemperatuS get very high), and even help the economy — BeCAUSE FEWER PEOPLE COME Into the City where hot. "Lena channel. DIVERSITY Conservation at the National Parks Board of Singapore, Added Robust Research Shows MoreGreenry Also IMPROVES PeOPLE’s Physical and Psychology Well-Being, Helping a City to be healthy and Productive.
You can do more than that.Researchers are currently helping Melbourne to increase its forest coverage (the proportion of trees in the city) from 22%to 40%.Wood said that this increase can reduce the temperature by 4 degrees Celsius, thereby weakening the urban heat island effect (the heat that increases the heat due to the absorption of buildings and roads and re -emitting heat)."Trees will make the city pleasing to the eye," Wood said. "It can also prevent hundreds of people from dying due to heat stress, reducing fires, reducing violent crimes (when the temperature is soaring, violent crimes increase accordingly), and can even promote economic development -Because when the city is too hot, there are fewer people entering the city.The physical and mental health has promoted the healthy development of the city and full of vitality.
7 despite some suchSses, Wood Said City Administrators and Scientis Do NOT Workther Enough and Also Do NOT Necessarily Well Together. ow the groups commit and operate.Wallerstein, Chief Exploration Office at the Chinese Firm TENCENT, SAID The SAME is True of Innovators: , Wallerstein Said, is that "Cities do Not Explain Well THEIR TOP PRIORETIES -What they heardMobile to solve. "Ory do not have a city leader who is clear running the effect on each of the promoties. F Exactly What Cities May Need or WHO to Approach If they Think they may havea portential solution.
Although some achievements have been achieved, Wood said that the cooperation between municipal officials and scientists is not enough, and it may not be able to cooperate well.There is a gap in how the two sides communicate and operate.He said: "Our cooperation is not close." David Wallestan, the chief explorer of Tencent, India, said that the cooperation with innovatives is the same: "There is poor communication between cities and entrepreneurs." WallerStein said that the question is that "the city does not clarify its primary task -what problems they want to solve most."Or, none of them are the city leaders who are responsible for each primary task.Therefore, scientists and entrepreneurs may not know what the city may need, or when they think there may be a potential solution, they do not know who to look for.
8 Several of the Speakers at the Summit Suggest Fixes for this Communication Privem. Xuemei Bai, A Professor of Urbanment and Human Ecology At Ian National University, SUGGGESTED CREATE A PAID POSITION of Chief Science Officer WHO Can BE A Conduit for Researchers Who HaveIntriguing Ideas. S can create forums and metings for Planners and Researchers to talk about Sustainability issues cities want to solve and to Jump-Start Trial ProjectsThen, then
Several spokespersons at the summit put forward suggestions for solving this communication.Bai Xuemei, a professor of urban environment and human ecology at the National University of Australia, suggested that the city should set up a position of a paid chief scientific official to provide communication channels for researchers with novel ideas.Wood pointed out that the administrative department can jointly assist the project leader in the field of sustainable development of universities.Participants agreed that cities can organize forums and hold meetings, allowing urban planners and researchers to explore the problems of sustainable development that the city hopes to solve, and start some pilot projects.
9 Wood Also SAID Scientist and Their University Should Try to Find Ways to Speed Up Research Timelines. e. Bai Said Academics Need to Close a Gap in Sustainability Science, too. "We NEEDTo build a more systematic approach to urban research and prActice. d to integraate them. We have to find a way to see cities as a complelex system."Then scientist can do a better job of connecting their work to policymaking.
Wood also said that scientists and their universities should try to speed up research progress.The research may take a long time, but the development of the city is urgent.Professor Bai said that the academic community also needs to fill the blank aspects of sustainable development."We need to build a more systematic way to carry out urban research and practice." For example, we cannot politics in terms of urban greening, water supply and infrastructure."We need to integrate these. We must find a method that treats the city as a compound system." In this way, scientists can better combine our work with policies.
10 amidst all the discussion of scientific inNovation, Meyerson Reminded The Summit Crowd that Social Innovation is also, Makes More Sustainable: Cannot Have A Growing Gap Between The Haves and Have-Nots — It is Not Ethical, and It is CertainlylyNot Sustainable. "Science, Community and Policy Need to be connected, The Summit Attendees agreed. CE, "Wood Said," BeCAUSE ULTIMATELY, CITIES Are About People. "
In all these discussions on scientific innovation, the Miyesen reminded the summit participants to make the city more sustainable and social innovation cannot be less: "We cannot make the gap between the rich and the poor grow bigger -this is not moral,Such development is certainly not sustainable."We must inject social sciences into sustainable development science," Wood said, "In the final analysis, the city should be people -oriented."
Cities need to prepare for water zero
Culture Notes
1 Earlier this year oldLines bladed that cape town, south africa, was headed for day zero — The Date When the City’s Taps Woul Dry Because its OIRS WOULD BeACOME DANGEROUSLY LOWOWTERHyderabad Investment. That day-Originally Expected in Mid-April, 2018—Thans ben postponed select, Thanks to Water Rationing and a Welcome Rainy Season. But the Conditions that LED to this desperate nextvitably , Hitting Cities all over the plant.
Earlier this year, some news titles rendered an ominous news, saying that Cape Town in South Africa was about to encounter a "zero water day" -the dragon head of the city will be broken because the water volume of the reservoir will fall to the alert position.Thanks to the implementation of limited water supply and welcoming the rainy season, it was originally expected to be postponed on the day when it arrived in mid -April 2018.However, the factors that lead to this critical situation will inevitably appear again, affecting cities around the world.
2 as the climate warms, extreme drangeS and Vanishing Water SUPPLIES Will Become More Common. All Variation Plays An ENORMOUS ROLE in Year-Toar Water Water Availability. TheSe Ordinary PatternEffects BeCAUSE URBAN POPULATIONS HAVE HAD A Tremendous Growth Spurt: by 2050 The United National Projects that Two Thirds of the World’s PeOPLE Will Live in C Ities. Urban Planners and Engineers Need to Learn from Past Rainfall Variability to Improve their Predictions and take Future Demand Into Accountto build more resilient infrastructure.
With the warming of the climate, extreme drought and water supply may become more common.However, even without additional effects of climate change, the changes in normal rainfall will have a huge impact on the year -on -year available water volume.These ordinary rainfall models have an unusual impact on the present, because the urban population has a huge blowout growth: the United Nations predicts that by 2050, two -thirds of the world’s population will live in cities.Urban planners and engineers need to absorb experience from the changes in the past rainfall, improve predictions and consider future needs to build more adaptive infrastructure.
3 How DID CAPE TOWN get Into a day zero situation? The city gets it from six reservoirs in Western Cape province, which usually up during the rainy SON, from May Through August. But SINCE 2015 The Region Has Been Suffering from the WorstDropht in a Century, and the water in the those reservoirs dwindled polously. Compounding the problem, Cape Town’s Population Has Growstantially, Increasing Demand. The City Actually Did A Pretty Good Job of Keeping Demand Low By Reducing Leaks in the System, a Major CauiseOf Water Waste, and and And Won Awards for its Conservation Policies. But the GoverNort of South Africa Was Slow to Declare a National Disides in the Areas HIT HARDEST BY Th TH EDROUGHT, Paving the way for the data crisis.
How did Cape Town fall into the situation of "zero water day"?The city takes water from the six reservoirs in the West Kaipu Province. These reservoirs are usually filled with water from May to August.But since 2015, the region has encountered a serious drought in a century, and the amount of water in the reservoir has decreased to danger.To make matters worse, Cape Town’s population has always increased significantly, and the demand for water use has risen.In fact, the city has a lot of achievements in reducing water demand, and they reduce the leakage of the water supply system -leakage is a major factor that causes water resources waste.The city even won awards for saving water policies.However, the South African government has been proclaimed for a long time to announce the occurrence of national disasters in areas, which is most affected by drought, which has launched hidden dangers for the recent crisis.
4 CAPE TOWN is not alone. SINCE 2014 SOUTHEATERN Brazil Has Been SUFFERING ITS WARST WATER Shortage in 80 Years, Resulting From Decreased Rainfall, Climate CHANGE, POOR WAT Er Management, DefaceStation and Other Factors. And Many Cities in India Do Not Have Access To MunicipalWater for more than a few house a day, if at all. For example, the city of shimla ran out of drinking water in May, the Prompting Locals to stay away from the Lar Himalayan Summer Retreat.Cities is Old and Leaky, But City GovernAnts Have Not Repaired it. Al Groundwater Stocks.
Cape Town is not alone.Since 2014, due to reduced rainfall, changes in climate, poor water resources management, forest cutting, and other factors, the southeast of Brazil has encountered the worst water shortage in 80 years.In India, many cities can only use municipal water to supply water a few hours a day, or even completely unused.For example, in May, the drinking water in Simra was exhausted, forcing locals to ask tourists to stay away from this popular Himalayan summer resort.The water supply infrastructure in many cities in India is aging and leaking, but the municipal government has not been repaired.The municipal authorities also provide farmers with free electricity for irrigation, almost exhausting local groundwater reserves.
5 in the U.S., The Situation is someWhat Better, But Many Urban Center Face Water Privems. California’s Recent Multiyear Droght Led of The State’s Driest Years On Record. Fortunately, About Half of the State’s Urban Water USAGE is for LandScaping, soIt was able to cut back on that fairly easily. But cities that use of their water for more esntial uses, the meeting be so adaptable. tion to the problem that design, climate change and population grewth bring,SOME CITIES FACE THREATS of Contamination. Crises Such as the One in Flint, Michigan, Arose Because the City CHANGED The Source of its Water, Causing Lead to Leach I nto it from pipes. If all cities are forced to change their water supportFACE SIMILAR WOES.
The situation in the United States is slightly better, but many urban central areas still face water use.California has recently been drought for years, causing the state to have the most water -lacking year since the state.Fortunately, about half of the cities in the state are used in garden greening, so it can easily reduce water.But for most of the cities that are used in more important uses such as drinking, it may not be so easy to adjust.In addition to the problems caused by drought, climate change, and population growth, some cities also face the threat of pollution.For example, the crisis in Flint, Michigan, is because the city has changed the water supply source, causing the lead from the pipeline to penetrate into the water and cause pollution.If other cities are forced to change the water supply system, they may face the same risk.
6 Fortunately, Steps Can be taken to avoid urban water crise, in general, a "portfolio approach" that RELIES on multiple water source is probably. APE TOWN HAS Already Begun Implementing A Number of Water-Augmentation Projects, Including Tapping Grouper andWater andBuilding Water-Recycling Plants. Many Other Cities Will NEED to Repair Existing Water Infrastic to Cut Download.
Fortunately, some measures can be taken to avoid urban water supply crisis.Generally speaking, the "combination boxing" relying on a variety of water sources may be the most effective.Cape Town has begun to implement a series of aquatic projects, including mining groundwater and building water circulation factories.Many other cities need to repair existing water supply facilities to reduce leakage.
7 Metropolitan leaders should be thinking about meeting long-term needs rather than just about daily requirements. Planning efforts should include diverse stakeholders from the community. One major challenge is providing services to informal areas, which develop haphazardly, without any government foresight. Such regionsOFTEN LACK BASIC Resources-A Well-Planned Water Supply AMONG THEM.
The leadership team of the city should consider meeting the requirements of long -term supply, not just to solve the daily needs.The planning work should include the stakeholders from all parties from the community into it.A major challenge is to provide services for informal development areas. The development of these places is very casual, and the government has not made any long -term planning.Such areas often lack basic resources, such as no reasonable water supply system.
8 The Global Community Has An Opportonity Right now to take action to prevent a Series of day zero crise. Is n’t a drop to drink.
The international community now has the opportunity to take action to prevent a series of "zero -water days" crisis.If it is not acting, many cities may soon face the time of drinking without water.
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